Introduction

In recent years, the use of antibacterial drugs has gained a lot of attention [, ]. One of the key mechanisms is the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials []. Resistance is defined as the failure of a bacterial organism to resist the action of antimicrobial agents [].

Bacterial resistance is a phenomenon that occurs when an organism is exposed to a broad-spectrum antibiotic drug, which is then found to have an antibacterial effect []. The bacterium is resistant to most of the commonly used antimicrobials, even when the drug is a very broad-spectrum drug []. However, a significant proportion of these bacteria may be resistant to the bacterium itself []. Therefore, a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms exist in bacteria. Resistance mechanisms occur in a group of organisms called beta-lactamase producing bacteria (BLP) []. These organisms are also resistant to some antibiotics, such as sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and ampicillin-sulbactam [].

The development of antibacterial drugs has been one of the most significant challenges in the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, including acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AEC) [–]. It has been a major clinical challenge in the treatment of acute bacterial infections because of the limited efficacy of antibiotics, their high cost, and the emergence of resistance [].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a single dose of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and to investigate its possible impact on the clinical outcomes in AEC. The efficacy of CIP and its effects on the clinical outcomes in AEC were also assessed.

Methods

This was a single-center, open-label, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. The study was performed between January 2021 and December 2021 at a tertiary hospital in the United States. Patients who received a single dose of CIP and had a history of AEC or who were admitted to a hospital with AEC were eligible for this study.

All participants were enrolled into the study, who were diagnosed with AEC based on the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) [].

All of the patients were recruited between May 2021 and May 2022. All patients were initially started on the antibiotic regimen of ciprofloxacin and the first day after the start of treatment and the follow-up was continued for 2 days. The dose of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was adjusted according to the patient’s weight. The doses were determined based on the patient’s clinical condition, age, and the patient’s response to the antibiotic therapy. The treatment was started in the morning. The time to finish the antibiotic therapy was calculated for the patients and then the patients were followed for a week. During the follow-up, the patient’s weight was recorded.

The patients were asked to complete the study protocol, which was approved by the study protocol and written by the Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo (reference number: 16/2024. The study was registered on NOS.gov). The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines [].

Patients and methods were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo (reference number: 16/2024).

The study was conducted between January 2021 and December 2021 at the National Institute of Health (Reference number: PMC-N-2021/24).

The patients in the study were enrolled into the study and their inclusion criteria were as follows:

• At least 1 patient in the study had an AEC or had a previous history of AEC.
• The patient had a history of CIP or a history of AEC in the past 2 months.
• The patient had a history of AEC in the past 12 months.

Uses of Ciprofloxacin+Tinidazole

The combination of Ciprofloxacin and Tinidazole is indicated for the management of a wide variety of infections caused by susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative organisms along with anaerobes and protozoa.

Therapeutic Category

Ciprofloxacin: Antibiotics (Quinolone antibiotics)

Tinidazole : Antiprotozoals

How Ciprofloxacin+Tinidazole works

Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole effectively manages infection, where ciprofloxacin works by killing bacteria that cause infections. It only works with specific strains of bacteria. Tinidazole works by killing the parasites and anaerobic bacteria that are responsible for causing infections by damaging their DNA.

Common side effects of Ciprofloxacin+Tinidazole

• diarrhoea
• joint pain and inflammation
• nausea, vomiting
• loss of appetite
• stomach pain or cramps
• headache
• vertigo (head spinning sensation)
• skin rash or itching (especially affecting the whole body)

When to consult your doctor

Consult your doctor:

• In case of accidental overdosage
• If you experience severe, sudden allergic reaction with symptoms such as tightness in the chest, feeling dizzy, sick or faint or experience dizziness when standing up
• If you experience muscle weakness, inflammation of the tendons which could lead to rupture of the tendon, particularly affecting the large tendon at the back of the ankle
• If you experience serious life-threatening skin rash, usually in the form of blisters or ulcers in the mouth, throat, nose, eyes and other mucous membranes such as genitals which may progress to widespread blistering or peeling of the skin (stevens-jhonson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

Health Tips for Ciprofloxacin+Tinidazole

• Take Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole exactly as directed by your doctor. Follow the specified dosage and regimen. Do not change the dosage or discontinue the medicine without first consulting your doctor
• Do not eat or drink any dairy products (such as milk or yoghurt) or drinks with added calcium when you take Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole, as they may affect the absorption of this medicine. Also, do not drink wine, beer or spirits during treatment and for 3 days after stopping treatment with this medicine. Remember to drink plenty of fluids while you are taking this medicine
• Avoid consumption of alcohol while taking Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole
• Do not drive or operate any machines while taking Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole as it may make you feel less alert and cause neurological problems
• Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole should not be taken during pregnancy and during breastfeeding and for three days following the last dose as it may passes through breast milk
• Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole is not recommended for use in individuals with blood disorder or a history of blood disorders and peripheral neuropathy

I have this illness with a history of bipolar disorder and with a history of myasthenia gravis. When I started taking Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole, I was pleased to find that most of my symptoms disappeared within a few days. When I stopped taking it, my symptoms were gone but I still experience abdominal pain, tiredness, nausea and vomiting. When I started taking Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole, I have severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. I have very rare but serious skin rash, fever, lymph node swelling and worsening tiredness and swelling. I am now in a hospital in Ahmedabad with severe skin reactions including fever, generalised fatigue, sore throat and joint pain. I am very concerned about the possible development of skin rashes, especially in the initial few weeks of taking Ciprofloxacin + Tinidazole. I am also at increased risk of developing pneumonia, gangrene or other serious infections.

What is Ciprofloxacin?

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those caused by bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics.

Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting the production of bacterial cell walls, which prevents the bacteria from growing and eliminating them. As a result, the bacteria die off easily and the infection is usually cured.

What is the use of Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of bacterial infections?

Ciprofloxacin is commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as ear infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, sinusitis, and other bacterial infections.

What are the side effects of Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of bacterial infections?

While Ciprofloxacin is a powerful antibiotic, it can cause side effects that patients may not expect.

Who should not take Ciprofloxacin?

Ciprofloxacin should not be used for the treatment of any bacterial infection.

What should patients not take Ciprofloxacin for?

People who are allergic to Ciprofloxacin should not take this medication.

How should Ciprofloxacin be taken?

Ciprofloxacin should be taken with water. Do not drink alcoholic beverages or carbonated beverages while taking this medication.

Can I take Ciprofloxacin with other medications?

No, Ciprofloxacin should be used with other medications, not just to treat bacterial infections.

What should patients not take with Ciprofloxacin?

Patients who have experienced allergic reactions to Ciprofloxacin or any other antibiotic should not take Ciprofloxacin with other drugs.

Can patients take Ciprofloxacin with certain supplements?

Ciprofloxacin should not be used together with certain supplements, such as multivitamins and herbal products.

Can patients take Ciprofloxacin with other drugs?

No, Ciprofloxacin should not be used with any other drugs.

What are the possible side effects of Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of bacterial infections?

Some patients who take Ciprofloxacin for bacterial infections may experience side effects such as a rash, itching, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face and throat.

Do not drink alcohol or carbonated beverages while taking this medication.

Can patients use Ciprofloxacin with certain drugs?

No, Ciprofloxacin should not be used with any of the following drugs.

What drugs should be avoided when taking Ciprofloxacin?

Certain drugs, such as aminoglycosides (such as gentamicin), nitrates (such as isosorbide dinitrate or isosorbide mononitrate), and medications that can increase the level of Ciprofloxacin in the body, can increase the likelihood of side effects.

Certain drugs, such as sulfa drugs (such as doxazosin), can increase the level of Ciprofloxacin in the body.

Is Ciprofloxacin unsafe for patients with liver or kidney disease?

No, Ciprofloxacin should not be used for the treatment of liver or kidney disease.

Ciprofloxacin should not be used with other drugs that can increase the level of Ciprofloxacin in the body.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has issued a review of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg tablet from the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MFW).

According to the NICE, the price of Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet is Rs. 3.12, from the MFW, in the Indian market. The MFW has also reported a price of Rs. 2,096, from the NICE.

The MFW has also revealed that the price of the Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet from the MFW is Rs. 4,977, from the NICE, in the Indian market. The price of the drug in the Indian market has also been reported as Rs. 7,907, from the NICE.

According to NICE, the Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet is available for sale in the MFW market, as of the latest update.

The NICE has also published an update on the Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet price from the MFW market. The price is Rs.

The price of Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet has also been reported as Rs. 8,904, from the NICE, in the Indian market.

The price of Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet from the MFW market is Rs. 7,907, from the NICE, in the Indian market.

|Ailley, from the Indian Pharmaceutical Association of India

Mumbai:The price of Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet has been revealed by NICE, in the Indian market.

The MFW has also reported that the price of the Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet from the MFW market is Rs.

The price of Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet from the MFW market has been reported as Rs.

NICE:

Indications

Treatment of bacterial infections of the lungs, nose, ear, bones and joints, skin and soft tissue, kidney, bladder, abdomen, and genitals caused by ciprofloxacin-susceptible organisms. Infections may include urinary tract infection, prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infection, otitis media (middle ear infection), sinusitis, skin, bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, and gonorrhea.

Administration

May be taken with or without food. May be taken w/ meals to minimise GI discomfort. Do not take w/ antacids, Fe or dairy products.

Contraindication

Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. History or risk of QT prolongation; known history of myasthenia gravis. Concomitant use with tizanidine.

Common side-effects

Vomiting, Stomach pain, Nausea, Diarrhea

Special Precaution

Patient with known or suspected CNS disorders, risk factors predisposing to seizures, or lower seizure threshold; history or risk factors for QT interval prolongation, torsades de pointes, uncorrected hypokalaemia/hypomagnesaemia, cardiac disease (e.g. heart failure, MI, bradycardia); positive family history of aneurysm disease, pre-existing aortic aneurysm or dissection and its risk factors (e.g. Marfan syndrome, vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypertension, peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease); diabetes, previous tendon disorder (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis), G6PD deficiency. Renal and hepatic impairment. Elderly, children. Pregnancy and lactation.

Storage

Store between 20-25°C.

MedsGo Class

Quinolones

Gonorrhea

MedsGo Lab

Uterineancouverarrettne

Breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, vomiting, diaphoresis, flushing, Strange or elevated liver enzymes, fatigue, dizziness, prolapse in uterus, ovarian stimulation, and endometrial cancer

Special Precautions

- History or risk of QT prolongation - known - presence of prophylactic effects in the blood - MI, bradycardia, heart failure, peripheral symptoms (e.g.